Define "behaviorism" in the context of learning theories.

Behaviorism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of observable behaviors and responses to stimuli, making it central to understanding how learning occurs from a behavioral perspective. This approach asserts that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which can be influenced by the environment. In behaviorism, learning is seen as a change in behavior that results from experience, particularly reinforcement and punishment.

The focus on observable behaviors means that internal mental states or processes are generally not considered, as behaviorists believe that only measurable and observable phenomena should be studied. This stands in contrast to theories that rely on introspective methods or emphasize cognition and social interactions as primary drivers of learning. By concentrating on external behavior and measurable responses, behaviorism provides a clear framework for educators to understand how to reinforce positive behaviors and correct undesirable ones, making it a practical approach in various educational settings.