Which resource can help students with addition and subtraction?

Manipulatives are physical objects that students can handle and manipulate to gain a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts, such as addition and subtraction. These tangible resources allow learners to visualize and physically engage with numbers, making abstract concepts more concrete. For example, using counters, blocks, or beads can help students group numbers, understand place value, and see the results of adding or subtracting quantities in a hands-on way. This approach fosters a more interactive and kinesthetic learning experience, which can be particularly beneficial for students who struggle with purely abstract numerical operations.

In contrast, graphic organizers may help students organize information or outline mathematical processes but do not provide the same direct, tactile experience. Video tutorials can be informative and offer visual explanations, yet they do not allow students to actively engage with the material. Finally, printed tests assess students' understanding rather than facilitate hands-on learning, making them less effective as a resource for practicing addition and subtraction skills.